George Orwell s Brave New World - 938 Words

Comparison of Two Governments What are the main differences and similarities in how the government in the novel 1984 and the government in the novel Brave New World control the citizens of their society? Both government are tyrannical types of governments with total control over their people. The two novels have many differences and similarities in the methods the government uses to control the people, they use methods such as psychological manipulation, torture, emotional oppression, and t. The first method of control is torture. Torture is defined as inflicting severe pain on someone. This is mostly relevant in George Orwell’s 1984. The reason why the government in 1984 uses torture as a method of control is because it is a way for them to change a person’s behavior and even thought process. In the novel the person being tortured is Winston Smith, and the reason they torture him is to get a confession out of him. In the end the torturing wins as Winston confesses to e verything and eventually betrays his lover Julia. The only real torture in the novel Brave New World is self-torture done by John the Savage to try to cleans himself of corruption. So, the government in brave new world does not actually use torture as a method of control. When Winston Smith is tortured it shows that physical harm is a way that the government can manipulate and control their people. The second method of control is psychological manipulation. Psychological manipulation is the act of changingShow MoreRelatedGeorge Orwell s Brave New World1601 Words   |  7 Pagesto predict what the future holds for our society. If one was to narrow their focus on the past century they would see the works and predictions of Aldous Huxley and George Orwell. Both Huxley and Orwell, as one could infer, composed novels that describe future societies and their inner workings. Aldous Huxley, author of Brave New World, where members of society originate from a lab and who’s lives are pre-determined by the controllers. The controllers of Huxley’s futuristic society’s fundamental goalRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s Brave New World Essay1704 Words   |  7 PagesIn the novels ‘Nineteen Eighty-Four’ and ‘Brave New World’, George Orwell and Aldous Huxley present the conflict between individuality and conformity as a key theme of their dystopian societies, inspired by the totalitarian governments of the early twentieth century. This idea is reflected in critic Jenni Calder’s argument that ‘the striking feature of society in both the novels is uniformity and lack of individualism’. In the novels this conflict is presented through the portrayal of state controlledRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Brave New World1279 Words   |  6 Pagesa generation. George Orwell wrote â€Å"1984† in response to the impeding totalitarianism of the Soviet Union over Europe on the cusp of WWII after having experience t he regime first hand in Spain. â€Å"1984† displays the fears of living under a totalitarian society along, warning readers not to become mindless followers to the government and to question authority figures along with the order of things. Similarly, â€Å"Brave New World† by Aldous Huxley was written partially in response to the new improvementsRead MoreGeorge Orwell s The Brave New World1791 Words   |  8 PagesIn both texts, Nineteen Eighty-Four and Brave New World it is clear from the start the societies show a heavy reliance on state control as a means of maintaining the dystopian civilizations. George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four is a powerful presentation of a dystopian society under the influence and control of a totalitarian government. Orwell uses the character of Winston as a vehicle to explore the extent of the governments’ oppressive techniques. Through clever use of free indirect speech asRead MoreGeorge Orwell And Aldous Huxley s Brave New World1621 Words   |  7 PagesIt may be hard to imagine what the future may seem to hold, but George Orwell and Aldous Huxley were able to do so and show us by basing their futuristic stories loosely on the history of the two diverse societies of The United States and Soviet Russia. Yet, the societies in each book disavow history for the most part. Psychological manipulation and physical control as a means of maintaining its power over the people is explored in both books. They also forewarn about the dangers of totalitarianRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Brave New World And 19841537 Words   |  7 PagesAldous Huxley and George Orwell address the major oppressive issues by composing futuristic dystopian novels. Their societies, whether it be London or Oceania, were created in order to emphasize humanistic values. In the novels Brave New World and 1984, the authors display the resemblances and disparities of modern ideals. Both of Huxley and Orwell’s viewpoint of relationship s, technology, and brainwashing reveal the underlying theme that a totalitarian state is dangerous; displaying them in variousRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s Brave New World 1447 Words   |  6 PagesThe three books, â€Å"1984†, â€Å"Brave New World†, and â€Å"Candide† all encapsulate similar dystopian elements but attack the issues at totally different angles. In â€Å"1984,† Orwell uses Big Brother and the thought police to keep control and reins on the middle and upper class, while the proles are left to themselves because they are not feared to rebel. In â€Å"Brave New World,† the citizens of the World State are scientifically created and programed to be happy and content with their status in the society. SomaRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s Brave New World 1087 Words   |  5 PagesTotalitarianism diminishes the idea of individuality and destroys all chances of self-improvement, and human’s natural hunger for knowledge. In George Orwell’s famous novel, â€Å"1984†, totalitarianism is clearly seen in the exaggerated control of the state over every single citizen, everyday, everywhere. Totalitarianism can also be seen in the book â€Å"Brave New World† by Aldous Huxley, in which humans are synthetically made and conditioned for their predestinated purpose on earth. The lack of individualismRead MoreSummary Of George Orwell s Brave New World 1537 Words   |  7 Pagesnovels, 1984 by George Orwell and Brave New World by Aldous Huxley both showcases how the futuristic totalitarian governments take complete control of their societies. In 1984, the government does it by putting fear of Big Brother and the party into the people. Whereas in Brave New World, they control them by having people take soma, a drug which does not allow people to feel emotions or really anything. The views on love are similar but yet differ between the novels, in Brave New World, John, a savageRead MoreAnal ysis Of George Orwell s Brave New World 2696 Words   |  11 Pagesinterpretation. In such societies, responsibility is almost universally placed on an oppressive and inexorable state, denaturing what defines one as human. This can be applied to both the settings of ‘Brave New World and ‘1984’. However, both authors approach their respective dystopian visions in different ways. Orwell envisioned INGSOC, a state based on security and repressive surveillance, utilising totalitarianism forms of control. Whilst Huxley depicted a society held captive by profligate consumption

The Problem Of A Single Parent Families Of The White Bone...

You have probably heard of Madonna. An extremely famous and successful singer, songwriter, actress, and also, single mother. However, unlike Madonna, many single mothers are struggling to raise their children and also finding time for themselves. This has been a very common and reoccurring problem in Canada. â€Å"About 8 in 10 lone-parent families were female lone-parent families in 2011, accounting for 12.8% of all census families, while male lone-parent families represented 3.5% of all census families.† (Statistics Canada, 2011) In The White Bone by Barbara Gowdy, Mud, a pregnant female elephant, is faced with a similar problem. Mud was abandoned by her birth family and she was at the mercy of a passing family that generously took them in, the She-S family. Single motherhood is a raising concern because it is increasing over the years and with this it is becoming harder to be a single parent. The reason is because the difference of their wages which effects their ability to support the family, health issues that may result due to stress, and lastly, the behaviour and relationship between the mother and her child. Money is one of the most obvious issues that single mothers may deal with. As mentioned earlier, the average difference in salary between single mothers and single fathers exceeds almost $60,000 which makes it so that single mothers are more likely to struggle with money problems. This is because they earn less than a male typical because of their gender. The most

Gandhi s Life And Legacy - 1578 Words

MacKenzie Rugar Professor Gajanan Eastern Philosophy Final Paper 26 Apr. 2016 Gandhi’s Life and Legacy Throughout the course of history there have been many influential leaders that have stressed the use of non-violence and civil disobedience including Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. Gandhi was a very influential and inspiring leader that was able to lead billions of people. He was willing to give up everything for what he believed in even though he knew that his actions could possibly lead to imprisonment and other legal consequences. Gandhi’s bravery and perseverance led to changes that affected and influenced the whole world and brought about positive change for people whose voices would have went unheard. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born on October 2, 1869, in Porbandar, Kathiawar, India. Gandhi’s father was the chief minister in different parts of India and his mother was very devoted to religion. Gandhi followed in both of his parents footsteps by devoting himself to religion and later pursuing an education and career in the law field . Also, at the age of thirteen he had an arranged marriage to a girl named Kasturba Makanji. After his marriage, Gandhi rebelled against his mother and stopped practicing Jainism and worshipping the Hindu God Vishnu. Jainism is an ancient religion in India that is based on morals and it stresses non-violence, fasting, meditation and vegetarianism (Mahatma Gandhi). Later in life, Gandhi traveled to London, England to study law and heShow MoreRelatedGandhi s Effect On The World1174 Words   |  5 Pagesmarch which had the Indian independence. Gandhi played a major role in the development of nonviolence and peace activities. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was the pre-eminent political and spiritual bellwether of India and the Indian independence movement. He had many adherents, and edified many how to protest placidly, instead of utilizing violence and war. Gandhi is a role model for many people today and is one of the most famous of all nonviolent activists. Gandhi made an immensely col ossal impact onRead MoreGandhi : Gandhi And Influential Religious Political Leaders Of The Twentieth Century1464 Words   |  6 PagesMohandas Karamchand Gandhi was one of the most admired and influential religious political leaders of the twentieth century. Gandhi is acknowledged as the Father of the Nation or Bapu due to his astonishing contributions towards the independence of India, by becoming an amazing freedom fighter who led India as a leader of Nationalism, against British rule. Gandhi was one of such that believed in nonviolence, the unity of people, and bringing spirituality upon Indian politics. He worked incrediblyRead MoreGandhi : A Moral Exemplar1457 Words   |  6 PagesMahatma Gandhi is practically a household name worldly due to his non-violent activism work in both South Africa and India. In fact, he led India’s non-violence movement to liberation from British rule through acts of peaceful protest. To many, Gandhi is a moral exemplar, because despite crue l treatment, he avoided retaliation, while still accomplishing to rid his country of British tyranny. He also worked as an activist for many other humanitarian causes, such as poverty relief, religious causesRead MoreMahatma Gandhi And Nelson Mandela1447 Words   |  6 PagesIf Mahatma Gandhi never inspired Nelson Mandela to fulfill his vision for human rights, would Nelson Mandela have inspired Barack Obama to continue that legacy? Mahatma Gandhi practiced civil disobedience and lobbied for the rights of Indians in South Africa and India. Nelson Mandela hungered and fought for a South Africa, where all races were equal and unified as nationalists. Barack Obama sought to build a more tolerant United States through his historic presidency, immigration policies, andRead MoreGandhi : The World Of Mahatma Gandhi1320 Words   |  6 PagesKrupnik Comparative World Religions May 6, 2016 Research Paper: Gandhi Mohandas Karamchand Ghandi, better known to the world as Mahatma Gandhi is one of the world’s main faces when we think or talk of the Indian independence movements, women’s rights and all around freedom for humanity. This individual used strategies and tactics of his own to achieve justice for the Indian culture while he was alive. Gandhi also worked to reform traditional Indian society in India as he was a mahatmaRead MoreGandhi : An Indian Politician1164 Words   |  5 PagesMohandas Karamchand Gandhi born in 2 October 1869 in Porbandar and died in Delhi on January 30 1948, at the age of 78 years old. He is from a rich Hindouiste family of the caste of Vaishyas (caste of the traders), just below the caste of the members of a religious order of the warriors. He is the youngest of his 3 other brothers. He was a spiritual guide and an Indian politician. His father, Karamchand Gandhi, is Prime Minister of a small principality by inheritance of the privileges of his fami lyRead MoreMahatma Gandhi And The Indian National Congress1264 Words   |  6 PagesMahatma Gandhi is a non-violent protestor who joined a party called the Indian National Congress. Gandhi is known for his famous speeches and how he peacefully protested to gain his freedom and equal rights for all his fellow people in India from the British. Gandhi’s passion for wanting equal rights led everyone to freedom in India in 1947 when Gandhi was 78. In South Asia a person regarded with reverence or loving respect; a holy person or sage. Gandhi was born on October 2nd 1869 in ProbanderRead MoreLeadership Theory Of The Myers Briggs Test1185 Words   |  5 Pagesleadership qualities. Other individuals need to learn leadership skills. It takes a specific personality type to make a leader. The purpose of this paper is to identify my personality type through the Myers-Briggs test, discuss the leadership style of Gandhi and his similarities to my style in relation to nursing. Assessment Inventory The Myers-Briggs test was developed from Carl Jungs theory of â€Å"personality types† by Isabel Briggs Myers and her mother Katherine Briggs (Myers, I. B. 2000, pg 6). InRead MoreIndia Challenges Of India s Indian Movement Of Independence1477 Words   |  6 Pages2015 Gandhi challenges British rule in India When one imagines of the early 1940s’ Indian movement of independence, one figure readily clicks into the mind; the popular Mahatma Gandhi, who was an immensely leader in India. He was nicknamed Mahatma by most of his countrymen, a name that meant â€Å"The Great Soul†. This leader led to a remarkable change of the world far much beyond his sacrificial and successful struggle that led to the end of the British imperial rule in his nation, India. Gandhi believedRead MoreMahatma Gandhis Leadership Styles1655 Words   |  7 Pageslead. Mahatma Gandhi is a world renowned leader who was a politician, a writer, an intellectual and a gifted orator. I find it incredible that as a young boy, Gandhi did not display any leadership qualities. He was a below average student (lack-luster) and very shy. His remarkable metamorphosis from a dull boy to a brilliant leader attests to the fact that good leaders are made. He has inspired and motivated great leaders such as Albert Einstein, Nelson Mandela and Barack Obama. Gandhi championed passionately

Hinduism Essay examples - 555 Words

Hinduism Hinduism is the religion followed by the people of South Asia, mainly in India though. The term HInduism actually means what the Indians do and was applied to these people by Islamic Invaders. Hinduism is actually a mix of several differents ideals from different religions. Parts of it draw on the Vedic religion of the Aryan tribes from the north, some from the Dravidian civilization to the south, along with ideas from Buddhism. From the Dravidians came the beilief of intense devotion to the gods and the rituals for fertility and other such things. It is not known yet how the Vedic religion manifested into Hinduism. As in all civilizations of the time, the priests held high power and stature in society, but†¦show more content†¦This deity would then bring violence and destruction to the world. This ideal of women and of fertility is almostly directly to the beiliefs of the Dravidians. There are also many, many other gods besides these three main ones. Thats one of the distinguishing factors of Hinduism, the amount and the variety of gods that were used to explain events in life and life itself. Even with all of these gods out there, worshipers were to devote most of their worship at one specific deity. This did not mean that the other gods would strike back for not being worshipped, for each was worshipped by at least one person. This sense of unity amongst the gods and the people is brought out buy certain texts, such as the Bhagad-Gita. The purpose in life was to praise your deity to the best of your ability so as to get the gods favor. Religious duties were not only based on class, but also on gender and on age. The center of worship for these gods was the temple, some being simple and others being extremely elegant. Many of these temples had a beautiful statue of their deity. This statue was there for the diety to possess so that they could be worshipped by the people even more. To worship their deity, some would take part in puja, w hich was a service to the deity that involved bathing, clothing, or feeding the statue. Some people were even blessed enought to see their god, even if just for an instance. They calledShow MoreRelatedHinduism : Hinduism And Hinduism1140 Words   |  5 PagesPart One: Hinduism Worldview Hinduism is a panetheism belief system in which there are over 330 million different deities. They have a large number of different sects (Hindson and Caner 262-265). Hinduism starts with 3 Trimurti, or deities and ends with over 330 million different gods (Hindson and Caner 262-265). With an estimated 850 million followers (Halverson 1-8) . Hindus strongly believe in reincarnation, and karma. They believe that untill one reaches the highest state of purity, they willRead MoreHinduism And Buddhism And Hinduism1641 Words   |  7 PagesSo far we’ve learned about Hinduism and Buddhism in India two of the most common religions found in India. One of the many things about learning about different culture is the religion that is come with. Religion is one of the many things that are unique to each and every culture. Religion views are what make a group of individuals come together and form a community. In core 7 we are learning about Hinduism and Buddhism learning about India and their religion views has helped me see the world inRead MoreHinduism, Hinduism And Buddhism1205 Words   |  5 Pagesafterlife has become a controversial subject across many religions. Religions such as Hinduism and Buddhism have provided a multitude of similar and different analysis behind their specific beliefs and practices. Similar to many religions practiced around the world, Hinduism portrays a great amount of belief in worshipping gods that they believe play a special role in their history. Though when speaking of Hinduism, I should mention that it does not consist of a single, dominant religion. It is aRead MoreHinduism : Buddhism And Hinduism1045 Words   |  5 PagesSoutheast Asia, particularly India, is the birthplace of many religions. India is where these two religions arose: Buddhism and Hinduism. Hinduism is a very ancient belief system derived from the lifestyle of Southeast Asia. It still has a strong presence in its place of origin and it is characterized as a family of religions. An offspring of Hinduism, Buddhism is also a family of religions, except it has less of a strong presence in its place of birth. Yet, situated to the East area of the worldRead MoreHinduism, Islam, And Hinduism Essay1205 Words   |  5 Pagesthese principles often have a primary theme that they tend to suppor t. The major religions that are practiced b many people across the world are Christianity, Islam, and Hinduism. The three religions are practiced in different parts of the world depending on the beliefs of the population in a particular part of the world. Hinduism is a religion that is dominant in South Asia. In particular, the Hindu religion is mostly practiced in India than in other countries. Ranked as the third largest religionRead MoreSimilarities Between Hinduism And Hinduism1390 Words   |  6 Pagesboth fall under the religions of Hinduism. Not only do the details of the pieces help explain the art, but so does the culture and the religion practiced at the time the piece was made. Hinduism is a major religion in India that is practiced by almost everyone. This is where they believe in one supreme being that has many different aspects. People who don’t understand Hinduism commonly mistake it with Buddhism due to the fact they share similar beliefs. Hinduism has the most affect on the cultureRead MoreBuddhism Vs Hinduism : Hinduism1573 Words   |  7 PagesBuddhism vs Hinduism Hinduism and Buddhism are two religions that are very open and tolerant of all people. They are religons that believe in acceptance of all and open-mindedness of other religons. Hinduism is the oldest religion on the planet that has been well established and still has a large following. To put it into perspective if religons were under 100 years old Hinduism would be 80 and Judaism and Christianity would still be in their 20s or 30s. Buddhism is also a long-standing religionRead MoreSimilarities Between Hinduism And Hinduism1560 Words   |  7 Pages and Buddha. Buddhism and Hinduism are two of the world’s oldest religion. Since Buddhism developed from Hinduism they can be very similar however, they are not the same because both religions have different types of rituals, founders, and gods. They also have different views on life and enlightenment. In this paper I will discuss the foundations and practices of both religions and then move into a discussion comparing and c ontrasting the two religions. Hinduism is a very interesting religionRead MoreBuddhism, Hinduism, And Hinduism1817 Words   |  8 PagesMost of these religions are based off the belief in a god, or have a moral code that they need to follow in order to appease their god or achieve salvation in the afterlife. Three religions that will be highlighted here are Buddhism, Sikhism, and Hinduism. In each of these three religions, they all share some religious tenets, or beliefs, that is universally accepted amongst all religions around the world and throughout history. Some of these tenets include the belief in a god or a Supreme Being.Read MoreSimilarities Between Hinduism And Hinduism Essay902 Words   |  4 PagesChristianity Versus Hinduism Christianity and Hinduism, are two of the worlds oldest religions. Although they are very different religions they share one main goal; salvation. However, their idea of salvation and what they have to do ,and what must be done to attain salvation are very different. Two main similarities between the Hindu religion and Christian religion are referred to by different titles; nevertheless they are represented by the same action. One example of these similarities would

Organizational Effectiveness

Question: Discuss about the Organizational Effectiveness . Answer: Introduction: Organizational Effectiveness helps the organization adjust within the peripheral environment, consolidating subsystems into the elevated work practice's performance mainly emphasizing on the learning and is having the capability to manage the relationships with the stakeholder. Organizational effectiveness is the organizational capacity for producing the required results by having the minimum expenditure related to money, energy, time, material and human resources. The organization operating efficiently is able to produce the products without waste. The organization effectiveness helps the organization achieve its goal of the profit making by selling and producing the products without the waste. In the business and the economic world, this may be exemplified as to maximizing the profits.Organization Effectiveness helps the organization in the preferred end point sustainable and outcomes that are self-renewing. This needs a shift in the practices and the mindset with respect to the ch anges in the organization, based on mutually authentic . The aim of the paper is to identify and discuss the two perspectives of the organizational effectiveness and how the organization applies such perspectives in the system. The key components of the effective organizations are the culture of the organizations, leadership and decision making by the management, the stakeholder perspective and the work processes and the system of the organization. These key elements are very important for the effective functioning and reaching the objectives of the organization. Trans Canada Liquor Store: The company that I will feature in the task for understanding the organizational effectiveness is the Trans Canada Liquor store. The TransCanada Liquoris conducted as the local business part of the liquor and beer stores category of the Canpages website. The store take pride for its services, innovative ideas related to the service offering to its consumers, conducive learning environment for the staff and a pool of the dedicated and the talented employees. The store fulfils its purpose of selling the wide variety of the beer, wine, and spirits to the consumers in a delightful manner and under the proper license of a liquor bar. The vision of the organization is to satisfy the consumer with its services with the role model of excellence, resilience, integrity and to remain committed towards their services. Culture Component: The culture of the store Trans Canada Liquor store is quite friendly as per the aspects of the consumers. The company treats its consumers with the trained staff in lieu of the liquor store . The store even provides the online services to the consumers. The open perspective system in the culture of the organization influences the external environment and enables the company to evolve and adapt. The company is quite flexible and adaptive to the changing needs and as per the expectations of the external environment. The best example of such process is implementing the online application and servicing the consumers at their doorsteps. The company is constantly improving the services and facilities based on the consumer suggestions and feedback. While working in the Trans Canada Liquor Store the company was planning for expansion in the services and to add new facilities for the consumers for the better experience in the store. Stakeholder Perspective: The other component which will discuss is the stakeholder perspective, stakeholders are the individuals who not only impact but are also impacted by the objectives and actions of the organization. Such component helps the organization to manage the needs, interest and stakeholders expectations. The company lacks holistically to its stakeholders. The company provides the stakeholders with the refreshing environment by constantly improving the services and the facilities and the pool of the dedicated service providers that are concerned and dedicated towards the consumer services. The proper communication with consumers, through feedback and complaint boxes, analyzes the reviews of clients online results into effectiveness in the organization. And such plans and strategies are also implemented by the company which is benefiting the environment and follow the recycle policies which promote the effectiveness of the company towards the stakeholders. Conclusion: In view of the fact that the organizational effectiveness is hard to be expressed in the concrete formula, the TransCanada liquor store may desire to position the results of estimation through the desired or the achieved specific goals. The turning up of the ineffective areas can too be extremely advantageous for the organization. The areas of improvement in the Transcanada liquor stores give the company a concrete strategy for its future. These changes also excite the consumers, shareholders and the workers about the new strategy. Also, the company treating its weaknesses gives itself the roadmap for the changes in the future in a great way to increase the organizational effectiveness.. Understanding the level of the organizational effectiveness is significant in numerous ways; as this serves the organizations as the check-in to observe that how well the internal processes are meeting the initial vision of the store (Dadallage, 2015). The investors, employees and donors are provided with the idea of the company strength and highlighting the areas which are ineffective and needs the improvements. In many of the businesses, the success or the failure is not measured as per the financial performances. The company making the profits currently may also be ineffective if the company fails to meet the core values of the organization mission statement, to retain and attract the talented workers and to plan for the next generation projects. Thus, the organizational effectiveness helps to measure the huge picture of the business performance, across the wide range of the criteria. The long-term planning, financial performance, internal structure, and loyalty to the foundation values may act as the critical components in consideration of the organizational effectiveness.

Analyze Contractual Relationship of Bill Ciara and Denis with Andy

Question: Discuss about the Analyze the Contractual Relationship of Bill Ciara and Denis with Andy. Answer: Issues Whether the advertisement placed by Andy is an offer or invitation? To analyze the contractual relationship of Bill, Ciara and Denis with Andy? Relevant law The contract law requires agreement, consideration, intention and capacity to make a valid contract.(Enshen, 2017) An agreement is the combination of offer and acceptance. An offer is a suggestion/proposal which is communicated amid an offeror and an offeree. An offer transfers his intention through a proposal and wish that the terms so communicated should be accepted. The offer when comes in the knowledge of the offeree makes an offer complete (Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co, 1893).(Julie, 2012) If any party wants to cancel his offer then an offeror must cancel the same before an acceptance is complete by an offeree. Any offer after an acceptance has no validity in law. the revocation must reach the offeree in order to be valid (Byrne v Van Tienhoven, (1880)).(Robert Bibi, 2017) In contract law, an invitation is considered not to be an offer. An invitation to treat is an act where a person by placing advertisements, or auctions, notices or tenders or display of goods, invites people to make proposal to the inviter, there making the prosper as offeror. The inviter should accept/reject the proposals/offers of the people to establish an agreement. In (Partridge v Crittenden , [1968] ) an advertisement is held not to be an offer but is an action of invitation to treat. The offeree upon receipt of the offer must confirm it to make a binding agreement. The confirmation is called acceptance and it should be come within the knowledge of the offeror to make any acceptance binding. Keeping the intention in the mind is not an acceptance, it must be communicated to the offeror to make an agreement. In(Felthouse v Bindley , (1862) ), an acceptance which is not communicated and keeping silence is disregarded as an acceptance in law. (Julie, 2012) An acceptance when made by post is complete when the letter is posted and not when the same comes in the knowledge of offeror and is held in (Brinkibon v Stahag Stahl und Stahlwarenhandelsgessellschaft mbH, 1983).(Julie, 2012) When the offeree instated of accepting the offer brings variation to the terms of offer then it is no acceptance and is a counter offer which cancels the offer so made by the offeror. In (Hyde v Wrench , [1840] ) a counter offer is held to be no acceptance in law. The counter offer so made is a new offer. Also, an query by any offeree is not an acceptance in law and does not make an agreement amid the parties (Stevenson Jaques Co v McLean, (1880) ). (Robert Bibi, 2017) Application of law The law is now applied to the given facts, Issue 1 An advertisement is placed by Andy in the newspaper. Now, an advertisement is an invitation as per (Partridge v Crittenden , [1968] ) So, the advertisement by Andy on 30th March is an invitation and Andy must act as an offeree. So, he has invited people to offer to buy his computer for $ 2500. Contract with Bill Bill on 1st April an offer is made via telephone to buy the computer @ 3,000 to be payable in 3 months. This is an offer by Bill with specified terms. Andy should accept the offer of Bill to make an agreement but he denied the offer by saying that he wants to make a quick sale. Thus, by decoying the offer, Andy has terminated the offer and there is now no offer which can be later accepted by Andy. So, the letter which is posted by Bill on 5th April, that he is willing to accept the initial offer that is made by Andy has no relevance because the acceptance which is made by Bill is against the invitation to offer which is made by Andy. There is no offer to which Bill has shown his acceptable. He must make a new offer to Andy which should be accepted by Andy to make a contract. So, the letter by Bill has no relevance, thereby, does not make any contract. Contract with Ciara Ciara on 2nd April, a telephonic conversation took place with Andy wherein she offer to buy the computer @ 2100 but the cash is payable in seven days. Thus, an offer is made by Ciara to Andy through telephone which is heard by Andy. Thus, the offer is valid in law. This offer should be completely accepted by Andy to make an acceptance. But, Andy does not accept the offer of Ciara. But, he made counter statement according to which he replies that he will take $2300 which is payable in seven days time. So, as per (Hyde v Wrench , [1840] ) a counter offer is made which has terminated the offer of Ciara. Now, an offer is made by Andy to Ciara with new terms. Andy is an offeror now, and Ciara must accept the new offer to make a valid contract. Now, Ciara makes a query regarding the ability of the computer to burn DVD. Now, as per (Stevenson Jaques Co v McLean, (1880) ), no enquiry is an acceptance. So, no acceptance is still made by Ciara. Now, on 6th April, a letter of acceptance is posted by Ciara and as per(Brinkibon v Stahag Stahl und Stahlwarenhandelsgessellschaft mbH, 1983)the acceptance is complete as soon as the letter is posted. The letter is received by Andy on 11th April bout it will not change the sanctity of the acceptance and there is concluding contract amid Andy and Ciara on 6th April. Now, Andy wants to cancel his offer and thus he posts a letter of revocation to Ciara on 3rd April. This cancellation is received by Ciara on 7th April. So the revocation is complete on the part of Ciara is when she comes within her knowledge, that is, 7th April. But, an acceptance is already made by Ciara, that is, on 6th, before the offer is relocated. So, the revocation is of no significance. Contract with Denis On 2nd April, a telephonic conversation took place amid Denis and Andy wherein Denis offer to buy the computer @ $2,400. He further submitted that if he does not receive any reply from Andy then he will consider the same as deem acceptance. Andy does not accept the offer and submits that he will think about the same and completely forgets about the same. Now, Andy has forgotten about the offer and no acceptance is made by him. His silence cannot be construed as an acceptance as per (Felthouse v Bindley , (1862) ) as communication of the same is prime to consider an acceptance complete and valid in law. So, there is no acceptance which is made by Andy. Later when Denis intends to collect the computer, then, he cannot do so because there is no acceptance that is made by Andy to the offer of Denis. Conclusion It is concluded, that Andy has established a valid contract with Ciara on 6th April when the letter of acceptance is posted by Ciara to Andy. There is no contract amid Andy and Bill because the offer which is made by Bill was not accepted by Andy and later there is no new offer which is made by Bill to Andy which is accepted by Andy to make a valid contract. Also, Denis cannot ask for the compute because the offer which is made by him is not accepted by Andy by making any express acceptance. Silence is no acceptance. Bibliography Brinkibon v Stahag Stahl und Stahlwarenhandelsgessellschaft mbH (1983). Byrne v Van Tienhoven ((1880)). Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co (1893). Enshen, l. (2017). Business and corporate law (Second edition. ed.). Sydney: Thomson Reuters (Professional) Australia Limited. Felthouse v Bindley ((1862) ). Hyde v Wrench ([1840] ). Julie, C. (2012). Agreement. Retrieved May 10, 2017, from Australian Contract Law: https://www.australiancontractlaw.com/law/formation-agreement.html Partridge v Crittenden ([1968] ). Robert, M., Bibi, S. (2017, May 9). Termination of an offer. Australia. Stevenson Jaques Co v McLean ((1880) ).